Under further pressure, Pope Clement V disbanded the order in 1312. In 1307, he pressured Pope Clement to have many of the order's members in France arrested, tortured into giving false confessions, and then burned at the stake.
Rumours about the Templars' secret initiation ceremony created distrust, and King Philip IV of France, while being deeply in debt to the order, used this distrust to take advantage of the situation. The Templars were closely tied to the Crusades as they became unable to secure their holdings in the Holy Land, support for the order faded.
They developed innovative financial techniques that were an early form of banking, building a network of nearly 1,000 commanderies and fortifications across Europe and the Holy Land, and arguably forming the world's first multinational corporation. They were prominent in Christian finance non-combatant members of the order, who made up as much as 90% of their members, managed a large economic infrastructure throughout Christendom. The Templar knights, in their distinctive white mantles with a red cross, were among the most skilled fighting units of the Crusades. Officially endorsed by the Roman Catholic Church by such decrees as the papal bull Omne datum optimum of Pope Innocent II, the Templars became a favored charity throughout Christendom and grew rapidly in membership and power. They were founded circa 1119, headquartered on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, and existed for nearly two centuries during the Middle Ages. The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon ( Latin: Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Salomonici), also known as the Order of Solomon's Temple, the Knights Templar, or simply the Templars, was a military order of the Catholic faith, and one of the wealthiest and most popular military orders in Western Christianity.
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